AyersLabs

arithmetic_tutorial_section

2010-03-01T07:45:13-04:00

There four basic types of simple arithmetic operations that can preformed. The first opcode must either be a register of a variable. Integers Example Explanation add ax bx add ax and bx and store in axsub ax bx sub ax by bx and store in axmul x y mul x and y and store in xdiv x y div x and y and store in xinc ax increment ax by 1 and store in axdec ax decrement ax by 1 and store in axneg ax Multiply ax by -1 and store in ax Floating Point

assembler

2009-09-08T01:05:41-04:00

The assembler is the tool that takes programs written in assembly language and compiles them into virtual executable files that can be run the on the virtual machine. The assembler is made up of four components: preprocessor, lexer, syntax checker, and the machine code generator. The preprocessor removes all comments and combines all included libraries into a single object file which is deleted after the program completes. The lexer creates a token stream from the object file that is then passed…

assembly_language

2011-09-25T21:03:08-04:00

vasm, programming Before discussing Virtual Machine programming it should be noted that you should be programming in {high-level}, and not in the assembly language unless you are trying optimize code to be faster than the code the compiler will generate.

bit_shifting_tutorial_section

2010-03-01T07:44:50-04:00

There are two types of bitwise shifting: right and left. Left Shift mov ax 4 mov bx 2 shl ax bx This expression is equal to 42. The answer of 16 is stored in the AX register. Right Shift mov ax 16 mov bx 2 shr ax bx This expression is equal to dividing by 162. The answer 4 is stored in the AX register.

cinco_keywords

2009-06-10T00:40:10-04:00

This is a quick reference of all registered keywords in the Cinco language. function int float bool string return array < " " != == = + - ( ) { } ; if else while for do << " " " " cout cin && || ++ -- -= += /* *\ ! %

comparison_tutorial_section

2010-03-01T07:44:26-04:00

You can compare variables, constants, and registers. Instruction Definition cmp 1 5Compare two integers and store result in CF flagcmps “Alex” “Kate”Compare two strings and store result in CF flagcmpf 1.0f 1.0fCompare two floating point numbers and store result in CF flagtest [je/jne/jl/jg/jle/jge] Tests jump condition based on last comparison

compiler

2009-09-08T01:04:47-04:00

The {high-level}compiler takes a file written in {high-level} and compiles it to a VEXE that can then be run on the CincoRosas virtual machine. Using the Cinco Compiler compiler.exe -input .vc -output .vasm -logfile .log

configuration

2009-09-13T20:01:13-04:00

* Virtual Machine Configuration

console

2009-10-11T13:48:02-04:00

The console allows a person running a game to have a direct connection to the game engine while the game is running. This is a powerful tool when trying to diagnosis a problem with the engine, or with a program. GetRegValue(variable) This function returns the value of the variable

consolefunctions

2009-06-10T00:53:06-04:00

SetCmdBuffer(string cmd)PassReturnsDescriptionstringNothingIf the string passed to this function matches a known command that command will be executed. The string will be added to the command buffer, and the result will be added to the display buffer. GetCmdBuffer(index) FlushCmdBuffer GetCmdPointer CreateAlias(str,str) DestroyAlias(str)

conversion_tutorial_section

2011-02-26T00:52:38-04:00

You can only pass registers. Example Explanation csi ax saxConvert string to integercis sax axConvert integer to string cfs sax faxConvert float to string csf fax saxConvert string to float cif fax axConvert int to float

core

2010-03-01T07:23:12-04:00

Core * Audio Engine * Graphics Engine * Virtual Machine * Assembly Language * Error Codes * AI * Networking * Virtual Disk * Console

data_transfer_tutorial_section

2011-03-19T16:38:36-04:00

Addressing Modes There are a couple different ways to manipulate data in assembly. The lea instruction is an incredibly powerful and that allows you to over write memory, and should be used with caution. Example Explanation mov ax bx register to registermovs sax “Hello World!” variable to registermovf x y variable to variablemov [24] 78 constant to memorymov [3] ax register to memoryload ax [51] Move the contents of block 51 in memory to axloads sax [51] Move the contents of block 51 in m…

dev-wiki

2011-04-09T07:44:50-04:00

Three strategic initiatives currently under development. A high-level strongly typed language. VASM - low-level unified machine language for XVM2. XVM2 - Multi-platform runtime environment

development

2010-03-01T07:33:41-04:00

The following table gives a rough idea as to where we are in the development of the {Engine Name} engine. Engine ProgressAI0%Sound Engine0%Music Engine0%{high-level}90%VASM100%Renderer1%Networking0%VDisk100%Console0%Documentation5%

downloads

2009-09-25T14:25:22-04:00

System Requirements: You need to be running Windows 2000 or greater for these programs to work. Instructions: Extract this zip file to C:\ and it should have a folder C:\AyersLabs. There are a number of test programs already packaged with this release.

engine

2010-03-01T07:33:23-04:00

This wiki is dedicated to describing all components of the {Engine Name} project. The goal is to have a complete development reference so that upon release of the first game using the {Engine Name} engine people looking to make modifications to the game will have an in depth guide. The section on functions and variables refers to functions and variables accessible to users using the scripting language, and not to all engine functions and variables.

file_formats

2009-09-13T20:01:24-04:00

CincoRosas Formats * Virtual Executable * Virtual Disk

high_level_keywords

2010-03-01T07:41:03-04:00

This is a quick reference of all registered keywords in the {High-Level} language. function int float bool string return array < " " != == = + - ( ) { } ; if else while for do << " " " " cout cin endl && || ++ -- -= += /* *\ ! %

high_level_libraries

2009-09-05T01:21:56-04:00

{high-level} comes with its' own standard libraries that expand upon the base functionality of the {high-level} language. String Library string.h Standard IO Library stdio.h Date date.h

int1

2009-09-07T13:34:17-04:00

Interrupt 1 returns information about the host system. Get Tick Count mov ix 0 int 1 Returns native system's tick count in ax. Get Operating System mov ix 1 int 1 Returns Operating System version in sax. Get CPU Information mov ix 2 int 1

int10

2011-02-07T20:22:13-04:00

Interrupt 10 provides access to the virtual machine's environment variables.

int11

2011-02-22T21:16:50-04:00

Interrupt 11 provides read / write access to the virtual machine's memory. Get Total Memory mov ix 0 int 11 Returns total memory available in ax. Get Memory Used mov ix 1 int 11 Returns total used memory in ax. Get Total Free Memory mov ix 2 int 11

int12

2011-02-07T20:22:14-04:00

Interrupt 12 returns information about the last system error.

int13

2010-03-21T13:20:20-04:00

Interrupt 13 provides access to the virtual machine's debugging capabilities. Initialize Debugger movs sax ip mov ax port mov ix 0 int 13 SAX is equal to the IP address where the debugger is running. AX is equal to the port the debugger is listening on.

int14

2011-02-07T20:22:13-04:00

Interrupt 14 provides low level access to the CDROM.

int15

2011-02-07T20:22:13-04:00

Interrupt 15 provides low level access to the virtual machine's power.

int16

2011-09-25T22:29:53-04:00

Interrupt 16 provides simple math functionality. This interrupt should be used when you need to perform fast math operations. Generate a random number between two numbers mov ax mov bx mov ix 0 int 16 Returns a random number in AX register.

int18

2009-09-07T13:20:44-04:00

Interrupt 18 returns read-only information about the date and time of the native system. Get Time mov ix 0 int 18 Returns time formated as HH:MM:SS:MMMM in sax register. Get Date mov ix 1 int 18 Returns date formated as MM/DD/YYYY in sax register.

int19

2010-03-19T19:59:00-04:00

This interrupt provides low level access to the graphics card. Render Test mov ix 0 int 19 Renders a simple quad. Start new object mov ix 1 int 19 Before drawing anything you must first create a new render object. End Current Object mov ix 2 int 19

int2

2009-09-06T14:24:31-04:00

Interrupt 2 provides low level access to the keyboard. Allow access to the keyboard mov ix 0 int 2 Disallow access to the keyboard mov ix 1 int 2 Poll keyboard for string mov ix 2 int 2 Stores result in sax. Poll keyboard for integers

int21

2011-02-07T20:22:12-04:00

Interrupt 21 system tools.

int22

2010-03-07T20:34:30-04:00

Interrupt 22 provides access to the virtual machine's embedded operating system. GetRegValue Get a registry value. mov ix 0 int 22 Pass registry variable into sax, and returns value in sax. SetRegValue Sets a registry variable. movs sax variable movs sbx value mov ix 1 int 22

int3

2010-02-10T21:22:47-04:00

Interrupt 3 provides low level access to the mouse. Get current x position of mouse pointer. mov ix 0 int 3 Get current y position of mouse pointer. mov ix 1 int 3

int4

2011-02-07T20:22:12-04:00

Interrupt 4 allows you to manipulate files.

int6

2009-09-06T14:21:43-04:00

Interrupt 6 controls access to the screen. Output Integer mov ax mov ix 0 int 6 Output Integer with carriage return mov ax mov ix 1 int 6 Output String movs sax mov ix 2 int 6 Output String with carriage return movs sax mov ix 3 int 6

int7

2009-09-05T22:32:56-04:00

Interrupt 7 provides low level string manipulation. String Size movs sax YourString mov ix 0 int 7 Returns the size of the string in ax. Substring movs sax YourString mov ax Begin mov bx End mov ix 1 int 7 Returns the substring in sax.

int8

2010-03-22T00:11:18-04:00

Interrupt 8 provides access to the sound card. Load Music movs sax filename mov ix 0 int 8 SAX is equal to filename you want to load. Play Music movs sax filename mov ix 1 int 8 SAX is equal to filename that has been successfully loaded that you want to play.

int9

2011-02-07T20:22:12-04:00

Interrupt 9 provides access to networking.

int90

2011-02-07T20:22:12-04:00

Interrupt 90 forces the virtual machine into a crash which forces a core dump.

logical_operation_tutorial_section

2010-03-01T07:44:12-04:00

There are four types of logical operations: AND, OR, NOT, and XOR. AND mov ax 0 mov bx 1 and ax bx The result will 0 stored in ax. OR mov ax 0 mov bx 1 or ax bx The result will be 1 stored in ax. XOR mov ax 0 mov bx 1 xor ax bx The result will be 1 stored in ax.

loop_tutorial_section

2010-03-01T07:43:49-04:00

There are five built loop instrutions: LOOP, LOOPNZ, LOOPZ, LOOPE, LOOPNE. LOOP (Infinite Loop) Example: MyLoop: inc ax mov ix 1 int 6 loop MyLoop Description: This print the numbers 0 through infinity. LOOPNZ (Loop while Not Zero) Example:

overview_of_cinco

2009-06-10T00:51:41-04:00

cinco, programming The Cinco programming language was designed with two goals in mind: make it easy to call C++ functions from Cinco, and make it easy to call Cinco functions from C++. All non-engine code is written in Cinco. Programmers familiar with any curly bracket language (C,C++,PHP) will be immediately familiar with Cinco. There a few notable exceptions to take into account when programming in Cinco that are discussed within the sections below.

overview_of_high_level

2011-04-03T00:24:47-04:00

{high-level}, programming The {high-level} programming language was designed with three goals in mind: make it easy to call C++ functions from {high-level}, and make it easy to call {high-level}functions from C++, and to develop a language designed from the ground up to be part of the {engine name}. All non-engine code is written in {high-level}.

programming

2009-09-07T13:14:01-04:00

{Engine Name} is unique in that it offers both an assembly-like language (VASM) and a higher-level C-like language ({high-level}) to programmers looking to develop for the {Engine Name}. Although the preferred method for development is in {high-level}, programmers could in theory develop their own higher-level language as long as it compiled down to VASM.

release_notes

2011-02-07T20:22:12-04:00

Currently no version of the engine has been released.

stack_tutorial_section

2011-10-30T00:09:20-04:00

Stacks are LIFO, the last piece of data pushed onto the stack is the first piece of data popped off the stack. Example push 5 push 3 push 10 pop ax // ax = 10 pop ax // ax = 3 pop ax // ax = 5 Passing Parameters The stack is especially useful for passing data to subroutines.

start

2009-09-09T02:40:25-04:00

This wiki is dedicated to describing all components of the CincoRosas project. The goal is to have a complete development reference so that upon release of the first game using the CincoRosas engine people looking to make modifications to the game will have an in depth guide. The section on functions and variables refers to functions and variables accessible to users using the scripting language, and not to all engine functions and variables.

tools

2009-09-25T14:06:04-04:00

* Level Editor * Compiler * Assembler * VHeader * Virtual Disk Creator There is no Development IDE, but Notepad++ was used during the development of all the in-game scripts.

transfer_conditional_tutorial_section

2010-03-01T07:42:49-04:00

A conditional transfer or branch is one that only occurs if a certain condition is met. JE (Jump When Equal) mov cx 0 mov bx 5 MyLoop: inc cx mov ax cx mov ix 1 int 6 cmp ax cx je Break loop MyLoop Break: end JNE (Jump When Not Equal) mov cx 0 mov bx 5 MyLoop: inc cx mov ax cx mov ix 1 int 6 cmp ax cx jne Break loop MyLoop Break: end JG (Jump When Greater)

transfer_unconditional_tutorial_section

2010-03-01T07:40:11-04:00

An unconditional transfer or branch is guaranteed to happen every time because there are no requirements that need to be met before transferring control to another part of the program. All branches, unconditional and conditional, must refer to a label. The label can appear above or below the branch. A label must start with a letter, can't contain spaces, and must end with a colon. When referring to a label don't include the colon at the end.

vdisk

2009-03-16T23:54:57-04:00

The virtual disk format is a packaging format used to distribute content to games using the CincoRosas engine. This makes it easier to less savvy users to install new add on content because CincoRosas will manage the process for the user.

vheader

2009-09-25T14:08:00-04:00

The VHeader program can used to read the header information from a virtual executable file. Syntax VHeader -input Example vheader -input C:\AyersLabs\bin\TestBed\math.vexe

vheader_tool

2011-02-07T20:22:11-04:00

This tool is used to display the header information from a Virtual Executable file. Program Usage VHeader.exe -filename VHeader.exe -filename helloworld.vexe

virtual_assembly

2009-03-14T02:30:00-04:00

There are only two requirements for a program written in assembly language program: there must be a beginning and an end. Here's a simple program that prints “Hello World!” main: movs sax "Hello World!" mov ix 3 int 6 end

virtual_executable

2009-09-09T02:41:18-04:00

These are binary files that are read by the virtual machine. You can use the VHeader tool to read the header data from any VEXE. VEXE Header Field Size Description Id char (2) Holds MagicId AAVersionfloat The version of the engine used to compile the programDate int Holds date program was compiled (MMDDYYYY)Size int Hold total size of programDS int Holds size of data segmentCS int Holds size of code segmentIP int Holds initial location of Instruction Pointer

virtual_machine

2010-10-01T02:31:50-04:00

The AyersLabs Virtual Machine (ALVM) is a register based, multi-processor virtual machine. Programs are first loaded in the VM's RAM (VRAM), the first pass loads all instructions into the system while finding the locations of all jumps, the second pass calculates the jump position and does some additional work setting up the symbol table.

virtual_machine2

2011-04-09T07:54:27-04:00

Technical Overview XVM2 is a register based virtual machine written in C++ designed for both speed and portability. XVM2 executes a bytecode language generated by the VASM assembler which allows a program compiled on any platform to run on any platform where XVM2 has been ported. Currently XVM2 is being targeted for Windows, OSX, and Linux.

virtual_machine_configuration

2009-09-13T19:47:10-04:00

Here is the default configuration file for the virtual machine. [:BOOT:] # This variable is here for your benefit, it has no impact on the system. System.Version = BETA [:LOGGING:] # This variable controls whether or not the virtual machine will log events. This can be TRUE or FALSE.

vm_errors

2010-03-01T07:39:29-04:00

When the virtual machine encounters an error it sets the EF flag to one of the following error codes. You can override the default error handling program by using INT12. Error HandlerError CodeDescription666Assigning custom error handler to invalid error handle.Boot StrapError CodeDescription00001“Error: No bootstrap detected, or specified bootstrap is corrupted. (Retry/Ignore/Abort)“Error CodeDescription10001 “Keyboard buffer size exceeded”10002 “Max Keyboard buffer size exceeded”Memory Errors…